Women receiving Oestrogen therapy have increased risk of developing all of the following cancers, EXCEPT:
A. Breast Cancer
B. Endometrial Carcinoma
C. Carcinoma of gall bladder
D. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Answer is C. Carcinoma of gall bladder.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma is a known consequence of long-term androgenic steroid administration, exposure to Thorium Dioxide and Vinyl Chloride, and possibly with exposure to Oestrogens in the form of oral contraceptives.
Oestrogens predispose the OCP consumer to hepatocellular carcinoma by causing hepatic adenomas. Hepatic adenomas are notoriously associated with malignant transformation in about 10% in 10 years among those exposed to oral contraceptives.
Definite Risks of Oestrogen Therapy
- Breast Cancer
- Endometrial Carcinoma
- Venous Thromboembolism
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Probable Risks associated with Oestrogen Use
- Gall Bladder disease (Gall Stones)
- Colorectal Cancer
- Ovarian Cancer
- Cognitive decline and dementia
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